2022, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Part A
Highlighting the speech profile in hyperkinetic Dysarthria: oromandibular (Jaw opening type) and lingual dystonia (A single case study)
Author(s): Garima Dixit, Priyanka Dubey and Ayushi Shukla
Abstract: Neurological impairment affecting the motor programming or neuromuscular execution of speech that result in speech disturbances are termed as neuromotor speech disorders. Out of all the communication disorders 36.5% are motor speech disorders and out of which 46.3% are dysarthria. Hyperkinetic dysarthria are a perceptually distinguishable group of disorders that are most associated with the diseases of the basal ganglia control circuits. The deviant speech characteristics are a result of rapid or slow, involuntary, rhythmic and unpredictable movements. Hyperkinetic dysarthria can be due to multiple aetiologies ranging from Ballisimus, Chorea, and Myoclonus to Dystonia and Dyskinesia. Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both. Dystonic movements are typically patterned, twisting, and may be tremulous. Dystonia is classified along two axis: clinical characteristics and aetiology. Oromandibular dystonia involves the masticatory, lingual, perioral, and platysma muscles. The estimated annual incidence of Oro mandibular dystonia is 3.3 to 6.9 cases per 1 million people. Oromandibular dystonia can either be a primary disease or secondary to other disorders. Patients are categorized as having focal, segmental, multifocal, or generalized dystonia. OMD can be focal, but more often is part of a segmental or general dystonia. The different clinical forms encountered are jaw-opening oromandibular dystonia (JOOD), jaw-closing oromandibular dystonia (JCOD), and mixed OMD (patients with two or more combinations of either JCOD, or jaw deviation (JD), and with no clinical predominance of any subtype. (Linda Slaim et al.). A case 32years/Male was confronted bedside in the neurology ward of the SAIMS Medical College and hospital, who reported complaint of abnormal involuntary movements of the tongue for one year. The patient’s assessment was completed by Neurologist and Speech Language Pathologist. Neurologist clinically evaluated and diagnosed the case as oromandibular Dystonia (Jaw Opening Type) and Lingual Dystonia. A speech language pathologist completed the assessment by administering the different standardized test in which detail evaluation of Oral Peripheral Examination, reflex examination, perceptual evaluation of speech characteristics and cranial nerve examination was done. The results of assessment revealed severely deviant speech characteristics with significant effects on respiratory, phonatory, articulatory, resonatory and prosodic speech subsystems. Hyperkinetic dysarthria has significant impact on all speech sub systems. In an integrated manner it deteriorates the quality of life of an individual by degrading professional as well as personal life. Speech therapy and swallowing rehabilitation will help in improving the quality of life of the patient by reducing the effects of hyperkinetic dysarthria and maximizing functional communication skills. However, for intervention to be effective, understanding the severity and characteristics of the disorder is of paramount importance and hence up to the mark assessment protocol is to be followed.
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How to cite this article:
Garima Dixit, Priyanka Dubey and Ayushi Shukla. Highlighting the speech profile in hyperkinetic Dysarthria: oromandibular (Jaw opening type) and lingual dystonia (A single case study). International Journal of Research in Special Education. 2022; 2(1): 32-36.
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